Batna(Arabicباتنة-BatnahinchaouiBathenth, Tifinagh: BatnainTifinagh.svg) pronunciationof the titlein its original versionListenAlgeriais a municipalityof theprovince of Batna,which it is thecounty seat, located 435kmsoutheastof Algiers and113 kmsouthwest ofConstantine. The city ofBatnaishistoricallyregardedasthe "capital"of the Aures. Situated1058meters above sea level, it is the fifthlargestcity in the countrywith375,000inhabitantsand the highestagglomeration ofAlgeriaalthough it wasbuilt ina basin surrounded bymountains. The city ofBatna, whose real nameBathna, was bornonSeptember 12, 1848decreesigned by Napoleon. Thiscame afterthe advisory panelsittingin Constantinedecided toBatnafuturecitybecause of itsstrategicpositionat the crossroads ofroutesBiskra,Tebessa, Setif andConstantine. The city ofPatna, the capital of theAuresof Wilayalocated425km south-east of the capitalpeaked at980meters.Its borderingWilayatarein the East:Tébessa, Oum-ElbouaghiandKhenchela, north-west: Setif andM'SilaatNortheast:Milaand south: Biskra. The climateof the city ofBatnais that of asemi-arid region. The average temperatureis 4 °C in Januaryand 35° Cin July.During the winterthe temperature dropsbelow freezing atnight, often with frosts(black ice on roadways). During the summerthe temperature canreach 45° Cin the shade. The average rainfallis 210mm per year, while the raresnowin recent years, only appearedfor a fewdays.The geographicalpositionof the city ofBatnahas certainadvantages.It is locatedat the intersection oftwomain roads: the north-south connectingthe northandsouthdeep southandthe axis connectingthe East to theWestthroughthe highlands. National ParkMountandthe Mount ofBélézemaCheliaculminating2300mismorenatural wonders. TheAuresBatnawhichis the capital,is a mountainous regionwhichis hardly conducive toagriculturefrom a fewplainsBelezma, El-Madher andRmilaorthe wheat-growingin general. TOURISM heritage: Severalarchaeological sitesare aroundBatnaasthe ancient city ofLambèse; Madracenmausoleumdating from 300years beforeJ-C13; the city ofTimgad, which was themain RomancityinAfricaunder Trajan, the remains of DianaVeteranorumZanaAmellalet(orZanaEl-Baida); the triumphal archof the RomanEmperorMacrinus; CityN'gaous, ancient Roman citywhere thetombs of theseven sleepersinone of the oldestmosquesof the Aures; Merkoundasitewhere QueenKahina(according to local legend) based;dolmensofChemoraandSeriana; the mountainousBelezma; KsarofMazatasandthe oldcity and capitalTobna; Romanpool ofArris; the splendor of thecave dwellingsofGhoufietofMaafa; granariesforkeeping fooddating backthousands of years,the majesticgorgeof ElKantarabetweenBatnaandBiskra; the ancient city ofMaghra; the memorialsiteof the outbreak ofthe revolution inAlgeria, and the twostatues dedicatedto the memory ofBenMostefaBoulaïdandMohamedTaharAbidi; museumMujahidand Armyas well asdedicated to themartyr ofAlgeriaMostefaBenBoulaidincommonArrisMausoleum. Parks and Gardens Ancientgardensfound in theheartofBatna, such as the Regional TheatreofBatna, which was created in 1899on the same dateofthe creation of theTRB. Public gardenswalkwaysMostefaBenBoulaïdexBoccanorthaislein the oldcity.The garden of theplace ofmartyrdomwith its fountain,and justnear theHouse of CultureMohamedElKhalifaLaïdBatnais anothergarden. Since the 1970s, several parks have beenbuilt in the city. Centerannexof the National ParkBelezmaBatnanamedthe garden ofgreenerydesigned byPolisharchitectlandscape, the garden of1stNovember1954respectively locatednext tothe Grand Mosque1 November1954National ParkcreatedBelezmabyPresidential Decree No.84/326of 3 November1984deploys fromsouthwest tonortheastnear thetown ofBatna,itisa mountainouslinkmarking thebeginning of the massof the Aures. Itcovers anarea of26,250hectares andan area ofelongatedconfiguration.There is alsothe gardennurseryon theroadin front of theConstantinedistricton August 20. In the districtthestationthere is asmallgarden between thebuildingsand drivewaysMostefaBenBoulaïd. KadriParktoFesdisoffersa playgroundand tranquilityfor families.Theamusement parkLompiFamily Parkat the intersection ofroutesBatna, Setif, Batna, Constantinehas 25attractions and ispopular withfamiliesandbatnéennepopulationwilayasurroundings. Nearthe town ofBatna, there is the natural parkKasrou. Outside thecity,some of whichoffer severalparkslike theworld-classElZarmaAnimal Parkand the ParkZoologicalMadher
The provinceof OumElBouaghi(Arabic:ولاية أم البواقي)is an Algerianwilaya,after theadministrative division of1974 whenit was dependent ontheformer department ofConstantine.
Its capitalisOumElBouaghi.Historically,it is part ofthe so-calledChaouiawiththe Wilaya ofBatnaWilayaKhenchelaregion.
relief The provinceis located at thecontact ofthe AuresandTell: north ofthe province, there arethe southern slopesof theTell. in the center,high plain,the altitudevaries from 700metersto 900meters anddotted with smallisolatedmountain rangesthat riseabovelikethe JebelSidiRgheiss(1635meters), JebelRherour(1273meters,JebelAmama1337meters),these formpartofthe Aures. south,itis markedbyendorheicdepressions(Garet)orsebkha(salt lake).TheGaretsare lesssalty thantheSebkhas The highlight ofthe provinceisthe JebelGuerioun,1729meters above sea levelnearAinM'lila.Mostwadisareendorheic;they flowtowards thesalt lakesand not towardsthe Mediterranean Sea,exceptthe riverandtributariesSettaraRummel climate The provinceof Oumel-Bouaghiis located in acorridor betweenthe TellAtlasto the north,the Saharan AtlaswhoseAuressouth.The windfactoris omnipresentsometimesviolently(venturieffect).This is due tothe near absence ofshrublands.
Rainfall isirregularrainsfromdisturbancesfrom the north-westorMediterranean depressions, theystumbleonthe linksTelliannorth.In contact with themountain,the air massrises anddries:this createsafoehn effectonthe provinceD'OumelBouaghihe falloverwhile350-400mm/ yearrainfall.Thisis one ofthe wettestin Julyacross Algeriawith an average of9 mmof precipitationfor that month inOumelBouaghiand 19mmMeskianaregions.
The climate issemiaridSyriancontinental;Wintersare cold withsometimes significantsnowfall, summers arehot and drybecause of thedistance from the seawith a particularity, thunderstormscan formthroughcold dropsinaltitudeorstormoverflowsfromAuresbarometricswamp,they are accompanied byhail and heavylocal rainfallandshortthat can occurin a violent mannereven in Julyand early August,making italocal featureforall Algeriais subject tosummer ariditycontinues.
Accordingly, the summersare too hotanddry and wintersare too cold;Herethe vegetationis notfavorablefor growthconditions,isdrought-tolerantground cover(adapted toaridity), the tree isabsent,only thesteppeplantsare adaptingwell.In contrast,wheatand barleycanbe done withoutirrigationon these vasthigh plains.
tourism The provinceis home tomany sites andmonuments:Roman ruinsin KsarSbahiandDhalaa, Berbermausoleumsand othersights.
The wilaya ofLaghouat(Arabic:ولاية الأغواط) has thecapitalcityof the same name.Located in theheartof the country400milessouth of the capitalAlgiers,the provincecovers anarea of25,000km ².Pastoralregion ofAlgeria, it alsohas the largestnatural gas fieldin Africawith an estimatedseveralbillion cubicmetersreserves. The originalsettlement of the areaconsisted ofGétules(Berberfrom the south).The arrivalof the Arabs in653 (Gregoriancalendar)caused theIslamizationof the local communitythen composedin itsmajorityofBerber tribesbelonging toMaghraouigroup(branchtératiennes).Thespatial unitof Laghouat(in urban areas)is likelyrealizedunder the rule ofElHadjAissaMaraboutlate1725Laghouat,around whichrevolvedmanyKsours,was a walledtown before theFrenchcolonialism.Under the command ofColonelMareyMonge,theFrenchcolonial troopsinvaded the regionin 1852,Rock carvingsandmoundsattesthomesof prehistoriclife thathad spreadtoalmostallof the Wilaya.Howeverthe datewas foundedthe city ofLaghouatis stillunclear.We only knowthat it was anextremepointof the oldand theGaetuliaMaghraoua,Berber tribe, fleeingtyrannyand abuse,found refuge. In the fifthcentury AH(eleventh century), portionsof the tribe ofBanu Hilalfinallytook up residencethereandkeptthe name ofLaghouat(pluralGhaout).Some important datesin the history ofLaghouat: 1368:SultanAbuHammou,theZianidesdynasty, drivenby the SultanofFezMarinids, ralliedhis supportersin Laghouatbefore-slip andinMzab. 1698:The maraboutSidiHadjAissa(died1737),patron of the city, settled inLaghouat. 1708:TheSultan ofMoroccoMoulayAbdelmalek,set up campin the westof the "rebel city" and helaid a tributeall the timeshe refusedto pay. 1727:Laghouatpassed into the handsof the Ottomans.1741:The BeyofTitteri, headof animposing armybesiegedthe city.Defeated, he tookthe road toMedea. 1785:The Beyof Oranonthe order of theDey ofAlgiers,led apunitive expeditionagainstLaghouatwhostill refused topaythe annual taxof700reals. 1786:Newattempt made,once again,bythe Beyof Oran.He decidedto cutfirst, butwithoutsuccess, theKsarAinMadhifortifiedby the maraboutSidiAhmedTijani.The siege lastedtwo months. 1787:The successor to theBey ofOrantriedin turnto take theKsarAinMadhi.He was notmore fortunate thanhis predecessor.In retaliation, hecompletelydestroyed theKsarTadjmout(founded in1666 bythe OuledYoussef). 1974:After theadministrative division ofthe same year,Laghouatreinstatesits status ascapital ofwilaya.
Climate Semi-continentalcharacterizedby heatin summer andcoldin winterwitha stronglossoficeduringthe months of DecemberandGianfa.oRainfallsnowin some areasamounting toheightabove sea levelof 800meters, in theAtlas Mountains,which run through thedesertstatein the form ofmountainsandmountainsAmourboysmainlyNile. Water Resources: Rainfallin this regionon an irregular basis, amountingCentral(180mm)annuallywiththe occurrence ofsevere droughtin some years. Dependsonthe stateof itsdrinking waterPkhlprimarily ongroundwateravailablein abundancein the region, especially withthe presence ofthe largest daminAfricaJoviTajmotareanearthe state capital, which isa coloniallegacy
Chlef Site State shelf is locatednorth-westAlgeriaandextendsover an area of4.791km andischaracterized bythe importance ofgeographical,historical,economicandsocial.
Limits themandate of theshelf: ·Northofthe Mediterranean ·Southofthe stateTissemsilt ·MiddleVelayatiAin DeflaandTebessa ·FromWestVelayatiMostaganemandGhlizan Andischaracterized bygeographicallyseveralnatural factorsincluding: 1)varied topography Andiscomposed offournatural areasare movingin parallel with thecoast ·In the north:the high plateausandmountainsEldahrhZakkar ·In the south:the hillsAlonharias ·In the middle:Plains ·Finallycoast extendsalongan estimated130 km. 2),withmaximum values ·Mediterraneanwithhigh humidityintheNorth ·QariintheSouth 3)the wealth ofaquaticmedium EspeciallyWade"shelf"which is consideredthe most importantstreamin Algeriaandwhich crossesthe statefrom east to west. 4)handseismic State is locatedinareas ofseismicshelfextends fromhurricanestoTurkey.
A Brief History
Onceits presence in thetransit area,wherestimuliconvergedowntownandwest of the country.Providedthe stateof economicandstrategic importancethroughout the history ofour country.Peopleshelfareasince ancient timesasischemiausAtharatdifferentperiods ofprehistory.Make surefootreconstructionbarbaricbeginningofAlnjulitic.Establishedareatennis(kerten)in the eighteenth centuryBCas atrademark. AffectedthecoastalplainsandCarthaginianinfluencein the third centuryBC,ina time whenthe state'smaximumlimitsandAlmasalahBerberkingdoms,andunder the control ofone after the other,andthisuntilthe unification ofNumidiabyMasinisa. In the33centuryBC,andby thedirect control of theregionby theRomanemperorAugusteshoulderswiththe establishment ofsettlements intenniswith the help ofsoldiersRomanianSecond Division. WithJuba, thestate became theshelfVlahiaimportantsourceofMauritaniaCaesarean section.Control wasembodied inthe Romaniancoastandplains,butthe mountain tribesof theDahraandAlonharismaintainedits independence. The city ofshelfmilitary headquartersto monitor theserebel tribesandhave been builtin theheart of the citychurchin the third centuryAD,with theBishopof SanRibarrati. In thefifth and sixthcenturyAD,the state wasconsidered the most importantcomponent partof the KingdomofOnharisTamazight(the wall).Withthe beginning ofthe Islamic conquests,the Muslims ruledtheregionbetween675 and682afterbirth (53-62e)under the leadership ofAbuMuhajirdinars. After beingbaptizedby thetribesandZenataMgraoh,respectivelyruledbythe sons ofRustam,Bani Obeid,Benoitministers,Bani Hammad,marabouts,Unitarianand thenfinallybythe sons ofXian. Tennisbecamean independent republicwith the advent ofMoulayAbdallahbinAbdHamidandblacknessof the tribe,andthateventhe Araboccupied by theSpaniardsand theneditedbythe brothersTurks:mysticandKhairuddinin1517. During theperiod,Turkish,andunderwentthe regionwas divided intoseveral departments(DarSultantennisandthe coast,Bilkkthe EastandWestwith the successorshelf). 1830after thearea came underFrenchoccupationandthisin spite ofthe resistanceby theEmir Abdelkaderin the plainsandrepresented bySharifMohammed binAbdullahcalledBoumazainEldahrhandAlonharis.I knewpeople in the regionseveralmassacrescarried out by thecolonizationof themmanageable(SanArnault,Belisa,Kavaniak...)CavesEldahrhsmoking.These scenesimmortalizedthanks to theoil paintingsof thecolonists. During therevolution ofNovember 1, 1954,wasthe regionbelong tothe stateandthe fourthmayhave contributed tothe martyrdom oftheir children,inthe country's liberationandindependence. Finally,it must be notedthatthe statecontributed significantlyto the enrichment ofArab-Islamic civilizationandthe writings ofscientistsfoldersandremindthem:Ibrahimsonsucceedsbin AbdulSalam AbuloversAltensee-Muhammad ibnAbdul Jalil- AbuAbdullahAltensee-Sidi Mohamed BenIbahloul-AliMajaja(940-1002AH)andMjajaAbderrahmaneMajaja...
Adrar Is thefrontier statelocated inthe south-westof Algeria.The stateisNo. 1in the classificationStates. According tothe Algerianadministrative organization.BorderswithMaliandMauritania,andprevailsin the state,the desert climate,and the majority ofits terrainsandwithareas ofbarrenrockcalledAlhamadatin thenorth of the state,andaspredominantlyrural, urbanstate,and the size ofthe populationin whicha smallNsibacompared tomajor citiesinAlgeria,andthe most importantcitiesof Adrar,Timimoun,Reggane,Tsabit,corneraccent,Tmantit,Ulf. PopulationspeaksArabicas there arealsospeakthe languageofAlzenatihandparticularly the people ofKorarhmeansTimimounaspects ofthe language ofthe people ofthe nightBand(folkband)localfamous. The area ofjurisdiction427.000square kilometersandincludes389.898inhabitants (2008estimate)includes11departmentand 28municipalities and299minors. Geography
Adrar Provinceis locatedin the south ofAlgeriais bordered on thenorthVelayatieggs andGhardaia,westofthe states ofBasharandTindouf,from the Middlemandate ofTamanrassetandGanubmala Climate MultipleclimatestateAdrarThis is due tothe vastness of thearea, although thedry desert climateprevails, but it candistinguishthree areasare: Semi-desertclimate:prevailsnorthern areasof the stateanyKorarhnorthernareais characterized byhot summersandmild wintersfewcold,rainyrareandsudden. Desert climate:Ghalibprevailparts of the stateandis characterized byseveresummerheat andmild winters. Subtropical climate:hot summersand wetwintersanddry,seasonalrainslashedin the summer.Environment,vegetationand wildlife
CHtaybeshiningjewelof the cityBmshatoffact and fictionandtales of the ancients, which sleepsbetweenthe arms of theforestwithabundantshadowswhen you stretchMountainsAloedogthat are availableon theenormoustourism potentialCHtaybequalifiedto becomethe finesttourist spotin the world· Tourist attractionsinspirepoetsArabs and the West CHtaybecityreplete withseveraltourist attractions, includingthe head offishing, which lies abouttwo milesfrom the shore ofthe eyeRomans, which is astatue ofRockyNanthwaves of the sea, and withthe passage of timeintheform'lion's head' is offsetin the westernmountainsofgraniterocks, Nanthawaves of the seacame outin the form ofsevencavessmalltied together, whereyou visitthe migratory birdsin winter andsummer·thehigh in the mountainsTkablkIsland'Qalghemas' a place thataccompanied thehistory of the cityandis todaya popular destinationfor thousands offoreign tourists·not far fromthese paintingsarchaeologicalIslandcaveage, which is not far, but somemiles from thegolden sand beach, on this island, which is transmittedtopeopleCHtaybebytraditional boatin order tomeetBalosahaband neighborswhere they liveweddingswill continue untilthe morning, formeda paintinguniquebeauty ofenchantingjoinsthesea breezesthatcaressedin the magic ofbreathtakingwalnut treesandcypresses, providingwarmthto boatsmoored·thesubsoilCHtaybewealthrichhidesa treasureof tourismand the paintingdarkilluminated bythe lightsof shipscomingat nightto the portalsoextendsclose to theGulf of'paired' which is abaycollectedthegravelandsmall stones·as well asMr.OkashacornerantiqueilluminatedPearlbrightsurrounded bypalm grovesandforestberriesis stillthe center ofradiationreligiouspilgrimagemeanttensandhundreds of familiesto seek blessing fromhim, buildingsTobahretaincharacterUrbanmadebishoppalm frondsand strawprovideaircoolrefreshingfamiliesinhabitingthesebarrackssummer· CHtaybecityunder the jurisdiction ofthe Department ofAnnabaandtourismis one ofthe cities ofAlgeria, formerlywas calledPune. LocatednortheastAlgeriaonthe Mediterranean coastis the fourthcityin Algeria,fromwhereAlohmah.ominaahaof the most importantports on theMediterranean Sea, which is the capitalof thestate ofNnabh.obgmexcellent geographicallocationandsitting astridethecoastal stripnauticalfacadeis estimated at about80 km, characterized bythe diversity ofterrainmaking ita magnet fortouriststo enjoythe sunshineandclear watersandrelax on thegolden sand. The sunhererisesearly andreflectedthe beautyof the cityatsundownearthgreencovervegetablemedleyandblue skybluerwarm sea water, as itwas and still isthe placethe dream ofevery touristwas walkinghis heart toGamalha.oPerhaps one ofthe victims of thefamiliesof Dr.andAlgerian writerAzzedine Mihoubiwhen he said:Annabacitywheneverextendedintimeandthe greater thetiniestbabyBelle. It features acoastAnnabififteenbeachfor swimming andrecreationcharacterized, en, beauty is the most importantof thesebeachesare:beautiful scenery, Kharruba, RvasZhuanaddition to the beachoutstanding"LA FONTAINE Roman" hotbed ofholidaymakerswherethey spendfreelyenjoyingthe purity ofthe airandsmoothnessAlrmal.oHow can wefindSrydeWherePalaceparksitsamida dense forest. Treesonthe slope ofthebeachAnfaragWadeHippocraticmixed withtheblue of thewater andyellowing ofthe sand andgreeneryof treesto forma paintingof the coolestopuscreator. Adding tothebeauty ofSrydeAlthafehBgmamawhitedoes notleave himday and night, andsleepbeneathAnnabathat looks likea brideinher dressbrightwhiteness. It containsAnnabaontourist facilitiesrecruitedto serveas asteeringtouriststothe touristcity ofAnnabain addition toseveral hotelsKalmntzh,Sipos, RIM'sbeautiful, andwell asseveral restaurantsandotherclassifiedofferinglocal
Beach"Mdag"..beachinOran, Algeriaspecifications"of the Caribbean"and "Hawaii"
Beachturns"Mdag"in the province ofOran,westernAlgeria,withsolutionstokissthe summerfor familiesinterestedinpeace and quiet,whereisa popular destinationfor tourists fromboth inside and outsideAlgeria,who arefascinated bythe magnificence oflandscapes;Fkaddoadetermined toreturn to itagain.
Hamidcircumcision, a young manin thethird decade of life,assesses theprovince ofOran (450 kmwest of Algiers),saidin an interview, toldAnatolia:"I visited thebeachMdagyears ago,I was surprisedhowbigthe place...thatactuallythe most wonderful."
Hecircumcision:"Whatfascinated meactuallysandbeachcleanandgold,and clarity ofits waters.. I havedesertedmyselfbecause I am inthe Caribbean Islands(an archipelago ofislandslocated in theAmerican continent),orHawaii(American statein the form ofan archipelago ofislandsin the Pacific Ocean),whichsawdocumentariesabouttheTV channels,andwent oncircumcision, saying:"I fell inlovethischarming place;sofind mewithsolutionsevery summerI gotospendfun timeswith my friends."
Thebeach isMdaga distance of about80kilometers west ofOran,on the border withthe province ofAin Temouchent(500 kmwest of the capital),the roadtofun,beingpenetrates theforest areain the form ofMnarjat,discoversthrough whichthe visitorstunning natural scenery,I madethosemountainscovered withgreenery,andmatchedthe blue ofthe sea,asa matter ofpsychological comfort.
In this context,saidSufianAahi,inthe fifth decadeoflife,anda residentof Oran,in an interviewtoAnatolia,that when hesolves thesummergoes, accompanied byhis young daughterto thebeach"Mdag",to escape thenoise of the city.
HeAahi,that he hasrelatives livinginFrance,wherethey stayedas guestshaveaccompanied Him,to"Mdag","It'sthe most beautifulgiftI giveto them,"he said.
Thefamily ofSamidescentfrom the province ofBel Abbes(500 kmwest of the capital),traditionallyareother,come to"Mdag," wherethe mother saidtoilliteracy,in an interview withtheAnatolia"BeachMdagis justtwo hoursfrom the headquarters ofSknana,but we do nothesitateto cometo himeach endweek, I'veactuallyplaceour fascination. "
It continued:"WhatI admireisactuallycleanerbeach,andbeautifulwoodsthat surround it."
If theBeach"Mdag"maycharmZoah, thewoodssurrounding it,has becometheotherdestination fordozens offamilies,whichmade ita place tobarbecueandteaunder theembers,inan atmosphere offun,whichis made bythe childrenandfoundthe woodsa place ofliberationfrom the pressure ofthe city.
And countsauthoritiesprovinceof Oran,on the shore of"Mdag" in order tobe in thecomingyearstooltourist attraction,where it iscurrentlystudyingseveraloffers,made byEuropean companiesfor the completion ofa hugecruise shiponits banks,carryinginternational specifications.